CD283 antibody targets Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a transmembrane protein in the TLR family that plays a critical role in innate immunity. Identified in the early 2000s, TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of viral infections, and triggers immune responses by activating signaling pathways involving adaptors like TRIF. This leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons, essential for antiviral defense.
CD283 antibodies are widely used in research to detect TLR3 expression, study its activation mechanisms, and explore its role in diseases. TLR3 is expressed in immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages) and epithelial cells, often localized to endosomal membranes. Dysregulation of TLR3 signaling is linked to autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
In therapeutic contexts, CD283 antibodies may modulate TLR3 activity, offering potential in antiviral therapies, vaccine adjuvants, or cancer immunotherapy. Research also highlights TLR3's dual role: while it promotes antiviral immunity, overactivation can drive pathological inflammation. As a result, CD283 antibodies serve as both investigative tools and candidates for developing targeted treatments, emphasizing their importance in understanding immune regulation and viral pathogenesis.