The POLR1G antibody targets the protein encoded by the POLR1G gene, a key component of RNA polymerase I (Pol I), which is essential for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. POLR1G, also known as RPA34. is a core subunit of Pol I, forming part of the enzyme’s catalytic core alongside POLR1D (RPA12). This subunit plays a critical role in Pol I assembly, stability, and transcriptional activity, particularly during rRNA precursor synthesis in the nucleolus. Dysregulation of POLR1G has been linked to developmental disorders and diseases, including Treacher Collins syndrome (a craniofacial disorder) and 3C syndrome (cerebellar hypoplasia, cataracts, and cognitive impairment), often caused by mutations in POLR1G or related Pol I subunits. Additionally, POLR1G overexpression has been observed in certain cancers, suggesting potential roles in tumorigenesis. Antibodies against POLR1G are widely used in research to study Pol I structure, rRNA transcription mechanisms, and disease pathogenesis. They enable detection of POLR1G expression via techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, aiding in understanding its cellular localization and interactions. Such tools are crucial for exploring POLR1G’s functional contributions to ribosome biogenesis and its implications in congenital disorders and cancer, providing insights for therapeutic targeting.