The thioredoxin reductase 2 (TXNRD2) antibody is a key tool for studying the mitochondrial isoform of the thioredoxin reductase family, which plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. TXNRD2. encoded by the TXNRD2 gene, is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) using NADPH as an electron donor. This system is essential for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria, regulating apoptosis, and protecting mitochondrial DNA from oxidative damage. Dysregulation of TXNRD2 has been linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
TXNRD2 antibodies are widely used in research to detect and quantify TXNRD2 protein levels in tissues or cells via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. These antibodies help investigate the enzyme’s expression patterns, subcellular localization (primarily mitochondrial), and its role in oxidative stress responses. Specificity is ensured through validation in knockout models or siRNA-mediated knockdowns. Researchers also utilize TXNRD2 antibodies to explore therapeutic targets, as inhibiting TXNRD2 activity can sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy.
Commercial TXNRD2 antibodies are typically raised in hosts like rabbits or mice, available as monoclonal or polyclonal variants, with applications spanning basic research and drug development.