EAAT3 (Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3), also known as SLC1A1. is a sodium-dependent glutamate transporter primarily expressed in neurons, the kidneys, and the intestines. It plays a critical role in regulating extracellular glutamate levels in the central nervous system by transporting glutamate into cells, thereby terminating synaptic transmission and preventing neurotoxicity from excessive glutamate accumulation. EAAT3 also contributes to cysteine absorption in the intestines and reabsorption of glutamate in renal tubules.
EAAT3 antibodies are essential tools for studying the transporter's expression, localization, and function in health and disease. These antibodies are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to detect EAAT3 in tissue samples or cultured cells. Research has linked EAAT3 dysfunction to neurological disorders such as epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and schizophrenia, as well as metabolic conditions like dicarboxylic aminoaciduria.
Commercially available EAAT3 antibodies are typically raised against specific epitopes of the human SLC1A1 protein and validated for cross-reactivity in model organisms like rodents (where EAAT3 is often called EAAC1). Proper validation, including knockout controls, is crucial due to potential cross-reactivity with other glutamate transporters. Studies using these antibodies have advanced our understanding of glutamate homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.