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     Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human Colon CarcinomaTissue using epsilon Tubulin antibody.High-pressure and temperature Sodium Citrate pH 6.0 was used for antigen retrieval.    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human tonsils using epsilon Tubulin antibody.High-pressure and temperature Sodium Citrate pH 6.0 was used for antigen retrieval.    

  
  

Epsilon-tubulin (ε-tubulin) is a less-characterized member of the tubulin superfamily, which includes alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ), delta (δ), and epsilon (ε) isoforms. While α- and β-tubulins form microtubule polymers critical for cell structure and transport, ε-tubulin is primarily localized to centrioles and basal bodies, playing a role in centriole duplication, cilia formation, and mitotic spindle organization. It is evolutionarily conserved but exhibits functional divergence across species. For instance, in mammals, ε-tubulin interacts with other centriolar proteins like γ-tubulin and is essential for maintaining centrosome integrity. Its dysregulation has been linked to ciliopathies, microcephaly, and cancer.

Antibodies targeting ε-tubulin are vital tools for studying centriole biology and cell cycle dynamics. They enable visualization of centriolar structures via immunofluorescence, Western blotting, or immunoprecipitation, aiding research on centrosome amplification in tumors or ciliary defects. However, ε-tubulin antibodies require rigorous validation due to high sequence homology among tubulin isoforms. Specificity is often confirmed using knockout cell lines or siRNA knockdown. Commercial antibodies are typically raised against conserved C-terminal epitopes, with reactivity tested in human, mouse, or rat models. Recent studies also employ these antibodies to explore ε-tubulin's non-canonical roles, such as in DNA damage response or cellular senescence, highlighting its expanding significance in cell biology and disease mechanisms.