タルク 化學特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色, 粉末
定義
本品は、天然の含水ケイ酸マグネシウムである。ときに少量のケイ酸Al(*)を含む。參照表示名稱：ケイ酸Ａｌ
溶解性
水及び通常の有機溶媒に不溶。
解説
タルク,滑石ともいう．フィロケイ酸塩．ブルーサイト層{Mg(OH)2}をSiO4の四面體層ではさんだ三層構(gòu)造をなす．天然には超塩基性巖の熱水変質(zhì)，ケイ酸質(zhì)ド.ロマイトの低溫変成の生成物として産出する．単斜晶系，空間群 C 2/c，格子定數(shù) a0 ＝ 0.528，b0 ＝ 0.915，c0 ＝ 1.89 nm．β ＝ 100°15′．塊狀，葉片狀，へき開{001}完全．硬度1．もろい．密度2.58～2.83 g cm－3．n1.539～1.600．複屈折率約0.05．二軸性負．光軸角2V ＝ 0°～30°．白色，淡緑色，脂感がある．膨張率が小さいため窯業(yè)原料として，その他，塗料用の充填剤，熱，電気の絶縁體として用いられる．酸に侵されない．
森北出版「化學辭典（第2版）
用途
ゴム薬品、醫(yī)薬品原料
用途
紙製品?ゴム製品?セラミックス?醫(yī)薬?化粧品?石けん?つや消し配合原料、品添加物 (化學工業(yè)日報社)
用途
錠剤の賦型、滑沢剤、プラスチック材料の改良。
用途
醫(yī)薬品及び化粧品原料、添加剤、充填剤。
用途
化粧品用、醫(yī)薬品原料、プラスチック材料の改良。
化粧品の成分用途
不透明化剤、滑沢剤、抗ケーキング剤、皮膚保護剤、吸著剤、研磨.スクラブ剤、増量剤
主な用途／役割
エポキシ樹脂系接著剤、ゴム系接著剤に使用される。
説明
Soapstone is composed primarily of talc, and has been used for
most of recorded history as a carving medium; examples
thousands of years old are still extant from Egyptian, Assyrian,
and Chinese cultures. The term ‘talc’ was first used in AD 869 to
describe minerals that were largely composed of what we now
know as talc.
化學的特性
Talc is a very fine, white to grayish-white, odorless, impalpable,
unctuous, crystalline powder. It adheres readily to the skin and is
soft to the touch and free from grittiness.
天然物の起源
Talc is formed under hydrothermal conditions and is a typical mineral of weaker regional metamorphism (regional dynamo-thermometamorphism). It often occurs in association with chlorite, serpentine, or magnesite. The main parent rocks that undergo metamorphic mineral reactions leading to talc formation are either ( magnesite-bearing) siliceous dolomites, or olivine- and/or pyroxene- containing ultrabasics. In ultrabasic rocks, talc is often a product of hydrothermal alteration (autometasomatism). In commercially important deposits, talc occurs in association with tremolite, calcite, quartz, and dolomite, as the product of a more intense regional metamorphism of siliceous dolomites, and with forsterite and anthophyllite due to intense regional metamorphic overprint of ultrabasics. However, talc can also be observed as an authigenic new formation, e.g., in sandy sediments and salt deposits. Other minerals that occur in association with talc include chlorites, mica, actinolite, feldspars, rutile, pyrrhotite, pyrite, magnetite, and hematite. Limonite, a product of the weathering of iron- containing minerals, especially iron- containing ore minerals, can often be found interspersed with talc.
來歴
Talc, soapstone, and steatite have been used by humans as raw materials since prehistoric times. Molds carved from soapstone were used in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age for casting weapons and tools. In the Mediterranean cultures of the classical period, stone carvings were made from soapstone, and talc was used for treating wounds and in the production of cosmetic powder. In ancient Rome, women used large amounts of powder and rouge. The properties of talc, especially its characteristic greasy feel, were described by Pliny the Elder. The old Arabic word talq, which indicates its greasy nature, gave its name to the mineral. In 1550, Catherin de Medici made it once again fashionable to use facial makeup in the form of powdered talc colored by the addition of pigments, a fashion that found innumerable imitators and has continued without interruption until today.
使用
Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Talc is used in many industries such as paper making, plastic, paint and coatings, rubber, food, electric cable, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics
調(diào)製方法
Talc is a naturally occurring hydropolysilicate mineral found in
many parts of the world including Australia, China, Italy, India,
France, and the USA.
The purity of talc varies depending on the country of origin. For
example, Italian types are reported to contain calcium silicate as the
contaminant; Indian types contain aluminum and iron oxides;
French types contain aluminum oxide; and American types contain
calcium carbonate (California), iron oxide (Montana), aluminum and iron oxides (North Carolina), or aluminum oxide (Alabama).
Naturally occurring talc is mined and pulverized before being
subjected to flotation processes to remove various impurities such as
asbestos (tremolite); carbon; dolomite; iron oxide; and various
other magnesium and carbonate minerals. Following this process,
the talc is finely powdered, treated with dilute hydrochloric acid,
washed with water, and then dried. The processing variables of
agglomerated talc strongly influence its physical characteristics.
定義
Talc, a hydrated magnesium sulfate, is the primary component of most face powders (eye shadows and blushers). In some products, talc makes up to 70% of the formulation. Cosmetic talc should be white, free of asbestos, should have high spreadability or slip, with low coverage. Particle size is acceptable if the material passes through a 200 mesh sieve. Micronized talc is generally lighter and fluffier but less smooth on the skin than regular grades. Typically talc products are sterilized using gamma irradiation. Cosmetic talcs are mined in Italy, France, Norway, India, Spain, China, Egypt, Japan, and the United States. Talc is fairly hydrophobic, although treatments are used to enhance its texture.
一般的な説明
Odorless white to grayish-white very fine crystalline powder (unctuous). Readily adheres to the skin. Nonflammable, noncombustible, and nontoxic.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Talc has low reactivity.
健康ハザード
Pure talc is toxicologically harmless. However, where there are high concentrations of dust in the air, face masks should be worn. If the talc contains detectable amounts of asbestos or asbestos minerals, an MAK value of 2.0 mg/m3 applies. Talc is a nontoxic, inert substance or raw material, but it can contaminate wounds and if inhaled it can cause lung irritations.
火災危険
Literature sources indicate that Talc is nonflammable.
化學性質(zhì)
モース硬さ1で軟らかく，薄い板狀をしている。安価で硬度が低く，化學的に安定で，電気絶縁性がある特徴をもつ。
応用例（製薬）
Talc was once widely used in oral solid dosage formulations as a
lubricant and diluent, although today it is less
commonly used. However, it is widely used as a dissolution
retardant in the development of controlled-release products. Talc is also used as a lubricant in tablet formulations; in a novel
powder coating for extended-release pellets; and as an adsorbant.
In topical preparations, talc is used as a dusting powder,
although it should not be used to dust surgical gloves. Talc is a natural material; it may therefore frequently contain
microorganisms and should be sterilized when used as a dusting
powder.
Talc is additionally used to clarify liquids and is also used in
cosmetics and food products, mainly for its lubricant properties.
安全性プロファイル
The talc with less than 1 percent asbestos is regarded as a nuisance dust. Talc with greater percentage of asbestos may be a human carcinogen. A human skin irritant. Prolonged or repeated exposure can produce a form of pulmonary fibrosis (talc pneumoconiosis) which may be due to asbestos content. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. A common air contaminant.
安全性
Talc is used mainly in tablet and capsule formulations. Talc is not
absorbed systemically following oral ingestion and is therefore
regarded as an essentially nontoxic material. However, intranasal or
intravenous abuse of products containing talc can cause granulomas
in body tissues, particularly the lungs. Contamination of
wounds or body cavities with talc may also cause granulomas;
therefore, it should not be used to dust surgical gloves. Inhalation of
talc causes irritation and may cause severe respiratory distress in
infants.
Although talc has been extensively investigated for its carcinogenic
potential, and it has been suggested that there is an increased
risk of ovarian cancer in women using talc, the evidence is
inconclusive. However, talc contaminated with asbestos has
been proved to be carcinogenic in humans, and asbestos-free grades
should therefore be used in pharmaceutical products.
Also, long-term toxic effects of talc contaminated with large
quantities of hexachlorophene caused serious irreversible neurotoxicity
in infants accidentally exposed to the substance.
発がん性
In vitro assay of a number of respirable
talc specimens of high purity demonstrated
a modest but consistent cytotoxicity to
macrophages; the investigators conclude that
the talcs would be expected to be slightly fibrogenic
in vivo.
貯蔵
Talc is a stable material and may be sterilized by heating at 160°C
for not less than 1 hour. It may also be sterilized by exposure to
ethylene oxide or gamma irradiation.
Talc should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry
place.
合成方法
採掘した原石を粉砕することにより得られる。
不和合性
Incompatible with quaternary ammonium compounds.
規(guī)制狀況(Regulatory Status)
Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA
Inactive Ingredients Database (buccal tablets; oral capsules and
tablets; rectal and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
タルク 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品